Materials

生物多样性

——教育，保育，人类命运共同体

Biodiversity

- Education, Conservation, A Community of Shared Future for Mankind

 

生物多样性指的是地球上所有的生物和它们所拥有的基因及其生存环境的多样化和变异性。它包含三个层次：遗传多样性、物种多样性、生态系统多样性。2020年的“环球自然日”，让我们从“教育，保育，人类命运共同体”的角度来思考，探究生物多样性与人类的生存和发展有着怎么样的密切关系。

Biodiversity refers to the diversity and variability of all living beings on earth, their genes and living environment. It includes three levels: genetic diversity, species diversity and ecosystem diversity. At 2020 "Global Natural History Day" let us think from the perspective of "Education, Conservation and A Community with A Shared Future for Mankind" and explore the close relationship between biodiversity and human survival and development.

 

教育

Education

由于人类不合理的生产生活方式、对自然破坏性的开发和利用，已造成了众多生态灾难。例如，全球性的气候变化、臭氧层破坏、生物多样性锐减、土地退化和荒漠化、酸雨污染日趋严重、有毒化学品危害加剧、垃圾泛滥、水源短缺，等等。

Due to the unreasonable production method and lifestyle of human beings, as well as the destructive exploitation and utilization of nature, many ecological disasters have been caused. For example, global climate change, the destruction of ozone layer, the sharp decrease of biodiversity, land degradation and desertification, the increasingly serious pollution of acid rain, the aggravation of the harm of toxic chemicals, the flood of garbage, water resource shortage, etc.

所幸的是，人们越来越意识到生态问题的重要性，各方面也开始广泛地开展生态教育活动。生态教育不仅能使人们获得对生态知识的认知，更具有突破“知识本位”、引导和帮助人们树立正确生态价值观的功能。因为只有热爱大自然，才能自觉爱护环境，维护生态平衡。

Fortunately, people are more and more aware of the importance of ecological issues, and ecological education activities have been widely conducted in various aspects. Ecological education not only enables people to acquire ecological knowledge, but also has the function of make breakthrough in "knowledge standard", guiding and helping people to establish right ecological values. As long as we love nature, we can be consciously care for the environment and maintain ecological balance.

 

保育

Conservation

保育包含保护与复育这两个意思，前者是针对生物物种及其栖息地的保存与维护，而后者则是针对濒危生物等的育种、繁殖以及对退化生态系统的恢复、改良和重建。例如，世界各地在水库与水坝区域设置鱼道以保护洄游性鱼类、在沿海海域设置人工礁岩以复育各式鱼类等，都是物种保育的重要措施。

Conservation means both protection and propagation. The former is for the preservation and maintenance of biological species and their habitats, while the latter is for the breeding and propagation of endangered species, as well as the restoration, improvement and reconstruction of degraded ecosystems. For example, the provision of fish passes in reservoirs and dams around the world to protect migratory fish and the establishment of artificial reefs in coastal waters to rehabilitate all types of fish are important measures for species conservation.

人类命运共同体

A Community of Shared Future for Mankind

人类虽然无时不在改造和影响着地球的生态系统，但是却又不能脱离地球的生态系统。一旦地球的生态系统遭到严重的破坏，以至于不能通过自我调节而修复，人类将像其他生物物种那样陷于绝境

Although human beings transform and influence the earth's ecosystem all the time, they cannot live without the earth's ecosystem. Once the earth's ecosystem got so badly damaged that it could not be repaired by self-regulation, humans will be as desperate as any other species.

人类社会本身也是一个相互依存的共同体。一个国家的粮食安全出现问题，则饥民将大规模涌向别国，交通工具的进步大大加速和扩展了难民潮的流动，而人道理念的进步又使拒难民于国门之外的做法面临巨大道义压力；气候变化带来的冰川融化、降水失调、海平面上升等问题，不仅会给小岛国带来灭顶之灾，也将给世界数十个沿海发达城市造成极大危害……面对越来越多的全球性问题，任何国家都不可能独善其身，任何国家要想自己发展，必须与他国一同发展；要想自己安全，必须参与维护国际安全；要想自己活得好，必须让大家都活得好。

Human society itself is also an interdependent community. If there is a problem of food safety in one country, the hungry people will flood into other countries in a large scale. Meanwhile, the advancement of transport tools greatly accelerates and expands the flow of refugees, and the progress of humanitarian concept makes the refusal of refugees to stay outside the country face great moral pressure. The melting of glaciers, the imbalance of precipitation and the rise of sea level caused by climate change will not only bring disaster to small island countries, but also cause great harm to dozens of developed coastal cities around the world. Facing of more and more global issues, no country can be immune from others to develop on its own. To seek development, one must develop with other countries together. If you want to be safe, you must participate in safeguarding international security. To live well, every one around should live well.

粮食安全、资源短缺、气候变化、网络攻击、人口爆炸、环境污染、疾病流行、跨国犯罪等全球非传统安全问题层出不穷，对国际秩序和人类生存都构成了严峻挑战。不论人们身处何国、信仰如何、是否愿意，实际上都已经身处人类命运共同体这一条大船上。我们需要建立全球性的大局观，以应对人类共同挑战为目的，达成国际共识。

Non-traditional global security issues such as food safety, resource shortage, climate change, cyber attack, population explosion, environmental pollution, epidemic diseases and transnational crimes keep emerging, posing strict challenges to international order and human survival. No matter in which country, in what religion, being willing or not, human beings are all in the same boat of A Community with A Shared Future for Mankind. We need to build a global vision and build international consensus to face common challenges of mankind.

“环球自然日”每年的年度主题，不是一个直接的研究对象，而是一个思考的角度。如果说“生物多样性”是一个万花镜，那“教育”、“保育”和“人类命运共同体”就是共同组成万花镜中三棱镜的三面镜子。2020，请你为我们生存的星球把脉。让我们就此出发，一起去探寻人与自然和谐共存之道。

The annual theme of "Global Natural History Day" is not a direct research object, but a thinking angle. If "biodiversity" is a kaleidoscope, then "Education", "Conservation" and " A Community with A Shared Future for Mankind " are three mirrors that form the prism of the kaleidoscope. In 2020, please feel the pulse of our planet. Let us depart now to explore the truth of harmonious coexistence of human and nature.

请记住：来到这里，你就是胜者！

Keep in mind: Here, you are the winner!